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美国研究者开发能有效治疗肠道感染的冷冻粪便制成的胶囊
哈佛医学院和马赛诸塞州综合医院的研究者们,使用来自健康捐献者冷冻粪便做成的胶囊,成功缓解了一些艰难梭菌感染病例的腹泻症状。相关研究论文于今年10月11日发表在《美国医学会杂志》(JAMA)上。
话说这种能看到里面的透明药丸绝对不是什么好选择 图片来源:uncovercalifornia.com 复发和难治愈性艰难梭菌(Clostridium difficile)感染,能够使患者产生腹泻症状,并导致很高的死亡率。现有常用的治疗方法为:口服灭滴灵或万古霉素等药物。但随着患者高复发率及强毒株的出现,这些方法的治疗效果越来越差,急需新治疗方法来挽救患者的生命。虽然有报道称使用非达霉素(Fidaxomicin)与万古霉素联用,能够减少病情复发。但其效果并未在多次复发的病人案例上进行尝试和研究分析。同时,进行新抗生素的研制、并摸索其临床应用方法,所需的时间非常长,且成本昂贵。 粪便微生物群移植(Fecal microbiota transplantation,FMT),是将健康人粪便中的菌群移植到患者肠道内,来重建患者的肠道微生物群落,进而达到治疗腹泻、肠道微生物群落紊乱等疾病。该方法已经被证实可以有效地治疗艰难梭菌感染引起的腹泻。但完成FMT的整个过程,首先需要筛选合适的粪便捐赠者、获得他们新鲜的粪便,再及时地通过患者的口、鼻或者肛门,把粪便移植到患者的肠胃里。因此,FMT这种方法虽然出现了很多年,但它对于艰难梭菌感染的病例、特别是那些反复感染或急性感染的患者来说,有些不切实际。 为了解决此问题,哈佛医学院和马赛诸塞州综合医院的研究者们,使用来自健康捐献者冷冻粪便做成的胶囊,成功缓解了一些艰难梭菌感染病例的腹泻症状。相关研究论文于今年10月11日发表在《美国医学会杂志》(JAMA)上。 首先,研究人员选择了18到50岁年龄段、6个月内没有服用过抗生素、5天内未食入过敏原的身体健康人员,作为粪便的捐献者。然后,研究者将这些粪便离心浓缩、重新溶解在含有10%甘油的保护溶液中。最后,研究者把这些“药物”分装到每粒大小0.65毫升的胶囊中、并放置在零下80℃的冰箱内冷冻保存。(今后该胶囊的生产车间会是什么样的……)
大家感受一下
一共有20名平均年龄在11岁到89岁、大多具有复发性感染症状且病情严重需要住院治疗的艰难梭菌感染者,作为志愿者参与了这项研究。这些患者被要求在服用“药丸”前的48小时内停止服用其它抗生素。研究者给每位患者分发了15粒胶囊,让他们在接下来的2天内按时服用。 研究工作者在对服药后的志愿者们进行定期复查时发现,药丸的治疗效果非常喜人:20名患者中的18名,在服用药丸后的8周内没有再出现明显的腹泻症状。并且,也没有患者在服用药物后的24小时内呕出胶囊。 但该研究论文作者在最后指出,我们还需要更大规模的研究来证实本次研究的结论,并需要对这种药物的安全性进行进一步的评估。
那么问题来了? 你愿意服用这种“粪便”胶囊吗?
原料车间又会是什么样子?
再感受一下难道很难吗?
Popping Frozen Poop Pills Can Stave Off Dangerous Bacterial Infections
Of God. . . could that at least have made the capsules opaque?
Fecal transplants are an effective way to combat C. difficile infections, but they're typically delivered by enema or a tube down the digestive system. Not pleasant. But thankfully, scientists from Massachusetts General Hospital have now made the healing powers of poop available in pill form. Fecal transplants work by revitalizing healthy intestinal microbial activity. Essentially, by introducing uncontaminated microbes from a donated stool sample (typically from another family member), doctors have shown that a healthy intestinal microbiome can be re-established. Trouble is, the delivery mechanism leaves much to be desired. Typically, fecal transplants are done by snaking a tube down the nose and into the stomach. But getting the tube down is not easy, and there's always the chance that the patient will gag and vomit, increasing the risk of inhaling the fecal matter. Which got researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital wondering if a poop pill could serve as a viable alternative. Karl Engelking from Discover Magazine reports: The pills...start with stool from healthy donors in a saline solution. The contents are filtered to extract helpful bacteria, and the cocktail is then piped into pill capsules and subsequently frozen. Patients pop the pills straight out of the freezer, wher they can be stored for up to 250 days. In a small and preliminary trial, the pills cured the diarrhea symptoms in 19 out of 20 people with mild to moderate C. difficile infections. Each patient popped 30 of the pills over a two-day period, and their bowel movements fell from a median of 5 per day to 1 per day eight weeks later. Fourteen of the 20 patients were cured after the first two-day treatment, and five others — sicker than the rest — were cured after a second two-day, 30-pill treatment. Further, not a single participant showed adverse side effects due to the pills. Researchers published their findings Saturday in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Now, the team from Boston isn't the first to put poop in pill form, but they are the first to test its efficacy. |